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	<id>http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure</id>
	<title>Interaction of ground and building structure - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-15T07:47:07Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.5</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=15317&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>127.0.0.1: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer noopener&quot; class=&quot;external free&quot; href=&quot;https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles&quot;&gt;https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles&lt;/a&gt;).</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=15317&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-10-22T01:11:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (&amp;lt;a target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot; rel=&amp;quot;nofollow noreferrer noopener&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;external free&amp;quot; href=&amp;quot;https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:11, 22 October 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:06_Numerische_V_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 1: 3D model of the excavation pit for Sülfeld lock]]Deformation and stability calculations for building structures used in waterways engineering are increasingly carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and in recent years also the distinct element method (DEM). The advantage of FEM is that it can be used to visualize complex geometries and ground conditions, and also indicates interaction between building structure and the ground.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:06_Numerische_V_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 1: 3D model of the excavation pit for Sülfeld lock]]Deformation and stability calculations for &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;building&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;structures used in waterways engineering are increasingly carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and in recent years also the distinct element method (DEM). The advantage of FEM is that it can be used to visualize complex geometries and ground conditions, and also indicates interaction between &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;building&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;structure and the ground.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_01.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 2: Deformed 2D model of Minden lock (river Weser)]]The aforementioned advantages of the method play an important role particularly in view of the increasing complexity of construction work, for example when building excavation pits right next to structures that are susceptible to deformation during the construction of new structures next to existing locks while the waterway continues normal shipping operations, or during subsequent calculation of load-bearing and deformation behaviour of existing building structures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_01.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 2: Deformed 2D model of Minden lock (river Weser)]]The aforementioned advantages of the method play an important role particularly in view of the increasing complexity of construction work, for example when &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;building&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;excavation pits right next to structures that are susceptible to deformation during the construction of new structures next to existing locks while the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;waterway&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;continues normal shipping operations, or during subsequent calculation of load-bearing and deformation behaviour of existing &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;building&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;structures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 3: Ension settlement curves from the oedometer test and subsequent FEM calculation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 3: Ension settlement curves from the oedometer test and subsequent FEM calculation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 4: DEM simulation of armourstones ]]Depending on requirements, 2D or 3D models are designed to solve the geotechnical problem. Various different material models are available for describing the mechanical behaviour of the soil. The necessary soil characteristics can be calibrated with the results from [[Geotechnical field tests|field tests]], geotechnical measurements und laboratory tests for example by numerical simulation of an oedometer experiment. Realistic computation results are obtained by visualising the complete load history of the system consisting of building structure and ground, i.e. the sequence of construction phases and conditions that are planned for implementation of the construction work. This also takes account of the changing general hydraulic conditions. Attempts are also increasingly being made to ensure that the modelling phase also takes account of the effects resulting from production of the geotechnical structures (e.g. piles, subterraneous curtains).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 4: DEM simulation of armourstones ]]Depending on requirements, 2D or 3D models are designed to solve the geotechnical problem. Various different material models are available for describing the mechanical behaviour of the soil. The necessary soil &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;characteristics&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;can be calibrated with the results from [[Geotechnical field tests|field tests]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;geotechnical measurements&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;und laboratory tests for example by numerical simulation of an oedometer experiment. Realistic computation results are obtained by visualising the complete load history of the system consisting of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;building&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;structure and ground, i.e. the sequence of construction phases and conditions that are planned for implementation of the construction work. This also takes account of the changing general hydraulic conditions. Attempts are also increasingly being made to ensure that the modelling phase also takes account of the effects resulting from production of the geotechnical structures (e.g. piles, subterraneous curtains).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>127.0.0.1</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14835&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>BAWiki Glossar at 11:52, 20 May 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14835&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-05-20T11:52:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:52, 20 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 3: Ension settlement curves from the oedometer test and subsequent FEM calculation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 3: Ension settlement curves from the oedometer test and subsequent FEM calculation]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 4: DEM simulation of armourstones ]]Depending on requirements, 2D or 3D models are designed to solve the geotechnical problem. Various different material models are available for describing the mechanical behaviour of the soil. The necessary soil characteristics can be calibrated with the results from field tests, geotechnical measurements und laboratory tests for example by numerical simulation of an oedometer experiment. Realistic computation results are obtained by visualising the complete load history of the system consisting of building structure and ground, i.e. the sequence of construction phases and conditions that are planned for implementation of the construction work. This also takes account of the changing general hydraulic conditions. Attempts are also increasingly being made to ensure that the modelling phase also takes account of the effects resulting from production of the geotechnical structures (e.g. piles, subterraneous curtains).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 4: DEM simulation of armourstones ]]Depending on requirements, 2D or 3D models are designed to solve the geotechnical problem. Various different material models are available for describing the mechanical behaviour of the soil. The necessary soil characteristics can be calibrated with the results from &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Geotechnical &lt;/ins&gt;field tests&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|field tests]]&lt;/ins&gt;, geotechnical measurements und laboratory tests for example by numerical simulation of an oedometer experiment. Realistic computation results are obtained by visualising the complete load history of the system consisting of building structure and ground, i.e. the sequence of construction phases and conditions that are planned for implementation of the construction work. This also takes account of the changing general hydraulic conditions. Attempts are also increasingly being made to ensure that the modelling phase also takes account of the effects resulting from production of the geotechnical structures (e.g. piles, subterraneous curtains).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BAWiki Glossar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14736&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>BAWiki Glossar at 10:01, 25 March 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14736&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-03-25T10:01:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:01, 25 March 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;back to: [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Geotechnical Engineering &lt;/del&gt;Methods]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;back to: [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Numerical &lt;/ins&gt;Methods]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;----&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Overview]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Overview]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[de:Wechselwirkung Boden-Bauwerk]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[de:Wechselwirkung Boden-Bauwerk]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BAWiki Glossar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14735&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>BAWiki Glossar: Created page with &quot;Picture 1: 3D model of the excavation pit for Sülfeld lockDeformation and stability calculations for building structures use...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php?title=Interaction_of_ground_and_building_structure&amp;diff=14735&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-03-25T09:59:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;/en/index.php?title=File:06_Numerische_V_02.jpg&quot; title=&quot;File:06 Numerische V 02.jpg&quot;&gt;200px|thumb|right|Picture 1: 3D model of the excavation pit for Sülfeld lock&lt;/a&gt;Deformation and stability calculations for building structures use...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:06_Numerische_V_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 1: 3D model of the excavation pit for Sülfeld lock]]Deformation and stability calculations for building structures used in waterways engineering are increasingly carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and in recent years also the distinct element method (DEM). The advantage of FEM is that it can be used to visualize complex geometries and ground conditions, and also indicates interaction between building structure and the ground.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_01.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 2: Deformed 2D model of Minden lock (river Weser)]]The aforementioned advantages of the method play an important role particularly in view of the increasing complexity of construction work, for example when building excavation pits right next to structures that are susceptible to deformation during the construction of new structures next to existing locks while the waterway continues normal shipping operations, or during subsequent calculation of load-bearing and deformation behaviour of existing building structures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_02.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 3: Ension settlement curves from the oedometer test and subsequent FEM calculation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:10_Wechselwirkung_B_B_03.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Picture 4: DEM simulation of armourstones ]]Depending on requirements, 2D or 3D models are designed to solve the geotechnical problem. Various different material models are available for describing the mechanical behaviour of the soil. The necessary soil characteristics can be calibrated with the results from field tests, geotechnical measurements und laboratory tests for example by numerical simulation of an oedometer experiment. Realistic computation results are obtained by visualising the complete load history of the system consisting of building structure and ground, i.e. the sequence of construction phases and conditions that are planned for implementation of the construction work. This also takes account of the changing general hydraulic conditions. Attempts are also increasingly being made to ensure that the modelling phase also takes account of the effects resulting from production of the geotechnical structures (e.g. piles, subterraneous curtains).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DEM offers the possibility of overcoming the limits of FEM when it comes to large net deformation when dealing with geometric bodies such as boulders or spheres. In many cases, the calculations can be simplified by concentrating on spherical shapes which are then put together to generate other geometries such as polygonal armourstones.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
back to: [[Geotechnical Engineering Methods]]&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
[[Overview]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Wechselwirkung Boden-Bauwerk]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BAWiki Glossar</name></author>
	</entry>
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