View source for Tidal Characteristic Numbers of Salinity

[[de: Tidekennwerte des Salzgehalts]]
[[Category: Tidal Characteristic Numbers]]
[http://www.baw.de/downloads/wasserbau/mathematische_verfahren/pre_postpr/pdf/tdks-de3.pdf Graphical representation] of characteristic numbers of salinity (with German text only). This graphical representation is also available in [http://www.baw.de/downloads/wasserbau/mathematische_verfahren/pre_postpr/eps/tdks-de3.eps Encapsulated PostScript] format.

[http://www.baw.de/downloads/wasserbau/mathematische_verfahren/pdf/tdkqs-de.pdf Graphical representation] of characteristic numbers of advective salt transport (with German text only). This graphical representation is also available in [http://www.baw.de/downloads/wasserbau/mathematische_verfahren/pre_postpr/eps/tdkqs-de1.eps Encapsulated PostScript] format.

==Motivation==
The calculation as well as the graphic visualization of various tidal characteristic numbers of salinity and also for the advective transport of salt contributes to an improved understanding of tidally dominated transport processes in estuaries. Spatial variations of salinity, advective transport of salt by means of flood and ebb currents can be highlighted for areas like coastal seas and estuaries as well (see also [[Example: Animation of Salinity in the Außenweser Estuary|animation of tidal variability of salinity]] in the Außenweser Estuary).
* As the calculations are performed separately for the durations of ebb- and flood-current it can be shown that transport paths can differ significantly for the two tidal phases. From this one can get additional insight with respect to the relevant transport mechanisms dominated by the tidal currents. This can be related to locally varying flood-ebb asymmetries for ebb volume and flood volume. Also the presence of horizontal gradients can contribute to this effect.
* The variation of salinity resulting from the local maximum as well as the local minimum of salinity can be quite large. This is a consequence of fresh water inflow into an estuary. The value for the local salinity variation is mainly the result of the product between the horizontal salinity gradient and the lagrangian drift of a water particle during a complete tidal cycle. Due to the fact that salt is mainly advectively transported by means of the tidal current. The water particles which are passing at a location during a complete tidal cycle do have different regions of origin. Therefore they can also show substantial differences in salinity because estuaries are regions where fresh and sea water is mixed. For organisms which are living at the seabed and which cannot move the tidal variation of salinity is one of the significant natural stress factors (variation of the osmotic pressure due to salinity variations).

'''Automatic analyses for all of the above mentioned tidal characteristic numbers of salinity are carried out for 2D- as well as for 3D-data by the programs [[TDKSF]] and [[NCANALYSE]].'''

==Definitions for the Tidal Characteristic Numbers of Salinity==

===Flood Current===

====Advective Flood Transport of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
salt volume, which is transported by means of flood current through a cross section.<br />
[[Example: Advective Flood Transport of Salt in the Inner Außenweser]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during flood current due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Diffusive Flood Transport of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during flood current due to (turbulent) diffusion. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Advective Flood Transport-Rate of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume transport rate of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during flood current due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). On tidal flats this quantity is computed for the period of inundation only. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Diffusive Flood Transport-Rate of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume transport rate of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during flood current due to (turbulent) diffusion. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). On tidal flats this quanmtity is computed for the period of inundation only. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Mean Salinity Flood Current====
Mean value of salinity during the flood current duration of a tide.<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity flood current]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

===Ebb Current===

====Advective Ebb Transport of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
salt volume, which is transported by means of ebb current through a cross section.<br />
[[Example: Advective Ebb Transport of Salt in the Inner Außenweser]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during ebb current due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Diffusive Ebb Transport of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during ebb current due to (turbulent) diffusion. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Advective Ebbe Transport-Rate of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume transport rate of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during ebb current due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). On tidal flats this quantity is computed for the period of inundation only. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Diffusive Ebb Transport-Rate of Salt====
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Exact volume transport rate of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during ebb current due to (turbulent) diffusion. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). On tidal flats this quanmtity is computed for the period of inundation only. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Mean Salinity Ebb Current====
Mean value of salinity during the ebb current duration of a tide.<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity ebb current]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

===Tidal Cycle===

====Maximum Salinity====
maximum value of salinity during a complete tidal cycle (period between two subsequent slack water times of ebb current).<br />
[[Example figures: maximum salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]] and [[NCANALYSE]].

====Minimum Salinity====
minimum value of salinity during a complete tidal cycle (period between two subsequent slack water times of ebb current).<br /> 
[[Example figures: minimum salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]] and [[NCANALYSE]].

====Mean Salinity====
average value of salinity during a complete tidal cycle (period between two subsequent slack water times of ebb current).<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]] and [[NCANALYSE]].

====Tidal Variation of Salinity====
difference between the extreme values of salinity during a complete tidal cycle (period between two subsequent slack water times of ebb current).<br /> 
[[Example figures: tidal variation of salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]] and [[NCANALYSE]].

====Advective Residual Transport of Salt====
residual salt volume which is transported by means of ebb and flood currents through a cross section (the different transport directions are taken into account). If the advective transport by means of flood current is equal but in opposite direction of the ebb current transport this will result in a zero advective residual transport of salt.<br />
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
[[Example: Advective Residual Transport of Salt in the Inner Außenweser]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Residual based on exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during a tidal cycle (flood current plus ebb current) due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]]. 

====Diffusive Residual Transport of Salt====
residual salt volume which is transported by means of diffusion during ebb and flood current through a cross section (the different transport directions are taken into account). If the diffusive transport for each of the tidal phases is equal but in opposite direction this will result in a zero diffusive residual transport of salt.<br />
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Residual based on exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during a tidal cycle (flood current plus ebb current) due to diffusion. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. Reconstruction of the total vector by means of projection is left to visualization programs (e. g. [[NCPLOT]]). <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Advective Tidal Transport of Salt====
total salt volume which is transported by means of advection during ebb and flood current through a cross section (the different transport directions are taken into account). Magnitudes for flood and ebb current transport are added.<br />
=====Computed from synoptic current velocity and synoptic salinity=====
Not computed by program [[TDKSF]].
=====Computed from integral (salt) volume transport=====
Sum of individual transports (magnitudes) based on exact volume of salt (with exception of roundoff) which passes a certain cross section during a tidal cycle (flood current plus ebb current) due to advection. This quantity makes use of the normal flow of salt only, which is orthogonal to the flow face. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Advective Salt Transport, Flood-Ebb-Ratio====
flood to ebb ratio for the salt volumes which are transported by means of flood and ebb currents.<br />
[[Example: Flood-Ebb-Ratio for the Advective Salt Transport in the Inner Außenweser]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[TDKSF]].

====Mean Salinity Flood Current : Mean Salinity====
Ratio of mean salinity of flood current to mean salinity during the complete tide.<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity flood current : mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Mean Salinity Ebb Current : Mean Salinity====
Ratio of mean salinity of ebb current to mean salinity during the complete tide.<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity ebb current : mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Mean Salinity Flood Current : Mean Salinity Ebb Current====
Ratio of mean salinity of flood current to mean salinity of ebb current.<br />
[[Example figures: mean salinity flood current : mean salinity ebb current]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Tidal Variation of Salinity : Mean Salinity====
Ratio of tidal variation of salinity to mean salinity value of the tide.<br />
[[Example figures: tidal variation of salinity : mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Maximum Salinity : Mean Salinity====
Ratio of maximum salinity of the tide to mean salinity value of the tide.<br />
[[Example figures: maximum salinity : mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].

====Minimum Salinity : Mean Salinity====
Ratio of minimum salinity of the tide to mean salinity value of the tide.<br />
[[Example figures: minimum salinity : mean salinity]]. <br />
Data analysis: [[NCANALYSE]].


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