BAWiki - User contributions [en]

Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites

2020-03-04T09:40:53Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - Pilotanlagen]]
[[file: Pilot.png|thumb|Eddersheim barrage (River Main): simplified design of fishway (yellow), entrance sites (red dots), attraction flow (blue triangles) and auxiliary flow conduit (blue arrow) source aerial view: © GeoBasis-DE/BKG 2017]]

To investigate fish movement and flow characteristics it is necessary to observe fish in their natural [[habitat]] and execute hydraulic measurements (here the special focus is on the tailwater of hydro-electric plants). Therefore, BAW and BfG chose seven barrages with hydro-electric plants to be pilot sites for further investigations. The issues in question result from open questions encountered in the counseling of the WSV and still unsolved design problems regarding the state of the art. The focus is on the larger rivers in Germany (with hydro-electric power production) because the available design criteria in Germany rather center on small rivers and creeks. The investigation subjects and the corresponding methods are specified in the fishways R+D program.

Pilot sites are:
* Dörverden (River Weser),
* Koblenz and Lehmen (River Moselle),
* Eddersheim and Wallstadt (River Main),
* Kochendorf and Lauffen (River Neckar)

The Koblenz fishway was completed in 2012, the Lehmen fishway is under construction, the other fishways are in various planning stages including planning-approval/licensing procedure.

The necessary auxiliary water [[discharge]] for creating an adequate [[attraction]] flow relative to the [[discharge]] of the hydraulic power plant is to be investigated at Eddersheim, Wallstadt, Kochendorf und Dörverden. Furthermore, different entrance situations including geometric variations and connections to the [[river bed]] will be examined.

There will also be research on special topics in the design of vertical slot passes such as slot width, slope of the [[fish pass]], flow patterns and the effects of pass length. At Eddersheim parallel structures are proposed to compare different pool sizes and also different pass types. The design of the necessary non-standard pools like connecting pools, auxiliary water quieting and discharge pools also receives special attention.

3-dimensional fluid dynamic modeling on all pilot site tailwaters will generate information for preliminary studies and to interpret fish behavior. These models will be calibrated on on-site measurements. Additionally, hydraulic models will help to understand different construction types of fish passes and the design of non-standard pools.

To understand fish behavior more thoroughly [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html etho-hydraulic modeling] (test with living fish) is used to investigate real entrance situations including discharge of auxiliary water into the fishway by means of horizontal screens. This also serves to prepare the investigations at the pilot sites.

----
back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]

Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects

2020-02-27T10:15:15Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - FuE-Projekte]]
__NOAUTOLINKS__
BAW and BfG cooperate in Research & Development (R&D) regarding ecological connectivity. To answer questions pertaining to hydraulic and construction issues of fishways BAW and BfG set up projects, cooperate with universities and network with national and international research institutions.
The research projects employ [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/methoden/methoden.html%7C physical models and numerical simulation processes] to examine hydraulic structures and systems. The BAW also operates a large flume in Karlsruhe to solve particular questions by conducting [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html ethohydraulic tests].
Findings of R&D will be extended to and reassessed at designated fishway [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot sites]]. Results of R&D are integrated into design recommendations and [[Ecological Connectivity - Standardisation|standardisation processes]] of fishways for the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration.

The BfG/BAW research concept sets the frame for the institutions’ joint research activities.

==Research project "Special fishway structures"==
On large inland waterways it is often necessary to discharge auxiliary water in addition to the operating flow in order to produce an attraction flow which ensures that the fishway can be located. The quantity of auxiliary water needed is often substantial, requiring special structures for which no specific design recommendations are available. The BAW is dealing with this topic in two subprojects, one of which is conducted in co-operation with the [https://www.tu-braunschweig.de/en/lwi/wasserbau Leichtweiß Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources at Technische Universität Braunschweig], addressing the issue of providing the auxiliary water as well as calming and homogenisation of flow in the auxiliary water inflow. In a second subproject, design solutions for the entrance pool into which the auxiliary water is injected are developed. Here, research is focusing on the unhindered passage of fish into the fishway, with a particular emphasis on conducting preliminary studies for specific construction elements with scale models before testing these elements in [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html ethohydraulic trials].

==Research project "Time-dependent flow processes"==
The hydraulics in fish passes is usually evaluated based on time-averaged flow velocities. In turbulent flows in and at fish passes, however, the temporal flow velocity changes and their structure play an important role in how fish sense the flow. In a [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#Passierbarkeit|previous project]], a methodology for describing dynamic processes in flow fields has been developed based on PIV measurements in a vertical-slot fish pass. The aim of the present project is to adapt this methodology to further relevant scales. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of hydraulics on fish behaviour and to verify the previously developed methodology, fish behaviour experiments are performed in the ethohydraulic flume of the BAW.

==Research project "ELAM attraction"==
Based on [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#ELAM-DE|previous research]] a model is being [https://www.baw.de/content/files/forschung_entwicklung/documents/B3953.01.04.70010.pdf developed] to evaluate the attraction of fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. The method primarily applied is individual-based modelling using the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM). For the model's development, data from extensive fish observations carried out by BfG by means of acoustic telemetric field investigations in the tailwater of the [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot facility in Eddersheim]] are used. To simulate the flow field in the tailwater of hydropower plants, the BAW uses [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/methoden/numerische_simulationen/numerische_simulationen.html three-dimensional numerical models] which are developed in OpenFOAM®. The ELAM combines their results with a behavioural model.

==Research project "Downstream fish passage over weirs"==
Besides upstream fish migration, downstream fish passage also plays a significant role in achieving the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive. While discussions have been focusing on fish protection and downstream migration at hydropower plants for some time now, the issue of downstream passage at weirs has increasingly gained importance. The project aims at developing a numerical model which represents the [https://www.baw.de/content/files/forschung_entwicklung/documents/B3953.01.04.70009.pdf hydraulic processes occurring in a weir spillway] as realistically as possible. Based on this model, the movements of passive floats (used as substitutes for fish) are examined to assess the risks of damages to the fish and better evaluate the related potentially harmful processes occurring during the fish’s descent over weirs. The project is a co-operation between the BAW’s Hydraulic Structures section and the [https://www.ifh.kit.edu/english/index.php Institute for Hydromechanics (IfH)] at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

==Research project "Attraction of upstream fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the [https://www.bgu.tum.de/en/wb/staff/dieter-thoma-laboratory/ Dieter-Thoma Laboratory] and the [https://www.bgu.tum.de/en/wb/staff/research-station-obernach/ Obernach Research Institute] at the Technical University (TU) of Munich, the BAW conducted a research on the attraction of upstream fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. In addition to the development of parameters for the turbine outflow from hydropower plants and the modelling of the outflow in physical and numerical models, the assessment and definition of a good attraction flow to ensure attraction were relevant research topics. The project results provided the basis for dimensioning the attraction flow (recommendation in preparation) and planning the [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot facilities]]. The project data were also used as material for a [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1473802/document.pdf doctoral thesis] prepared at the TU Munich.

==Research project "Passability of vertical slot fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the Institute for Water and River Basin Management at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, researchers looked into the hydraulics of vertical slot passes for upstream fish migration. An important part of the research co-operation involved describing the temporal fluctuations of the flow fields in the fishway and whether they can be anticipated by the animals. This subproject was concluded with a [https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/105137 doctoral thesis]. Another subproject investigated how the time-averaged flow fields manifest themselves in different [https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/102425 flow patterns] in the fishway pools. The flow patterns have an effect on the pools’ energy balance and the degree of passability. Additional tests were made to analyse the energy dissipation in the pools, e.g. regarding flow velocities and roughness values, and to develop specific approaches for determining discharge. The data collected were also used for developing physical and numerical modelling.

==Research project "ELAM-de" (completed)==
An important criterion for the assessment of a fishway is its efficiency, which is, however, difficult and time-consuming to determine in the field or laboratory. A numerical model for simulating fish behaviour on spatial and temporal scales of decimetres and seconds, respectively, can support planning decisions and contribute to scientific understanding of the performance of competing fishway designs. Based on the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM), a new individual-based model ("ELAM-de") was developed. The model was fed with three-dimensional flow data calculated with OpenFOAM® on arbitrary polyhedral meshes. It was designed, calibrated and validated based on behavioural patterns [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html derived from the movements of live brown trout]. The project was concluded with a [https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/105158 doctoral thesis] (in co-operation with the [https://www.unibw.de/wasserwesen-en/hydro-en/hydro Bundeswehr University Munich]).

[https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/106572 Link to final report]

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Back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]
----
[[Overview]]

Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects

2020-02-26T12:52:55Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - FuE-Projekte]]
__NOAUTOLINKS__
The BfG/BAW research concept sets the frame for the institutions’ joint research activities.

==Research project "Special fishway structures"==
On large inland waterways it is often necessary to discharge auxiliary water in addition to the operating flow in order to produce an attraction flow which ensures that the fishway can be located. The quantity of auxiliary water needed is often substantial, requiring special structures for which no specific design recommendations are available. The BAW is dealing with this topic in two subprojects, one of which is conducted in co-operation with the [https://www.tu-braunschweig.de/en/lwi/wasserbau Leichtweiß Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources at Technische Universität Braunschweig], addressing the issue of providing the auxiliary water as well as calming and homogenisation of flow in the auxiliary water inflow. In a second subproject, design solutions for the entrance pool into which the auxiliary water is injected are developed. Here, research is focusing on the unhindered passage of fish into the fishway, with a particular emphasis on conducting preliminary studies for specific construction elements with scale models before testing these elements in [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html ethohydraulic trials].

==Research project "Time-dependent flow processes"==
The hydraulics in fish passes is usually evaluated based on time-averaged flow velocities. In turbulent flows in and at fish passes, however, the temporal flow velocity changes and their structure play an important role in how fish sense the flow. In a [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#Passierbarkeit|previous project]], a methodology for describing dynamic processes in flow fields has been developed based on PIV measurements in a vertical-slot fish pass. The aim of the present project is to adapt this methodology to further relevant scales. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of hydraulics on fish behaviour and to verify the previously developed methodology, fish behaviour experiments are performed in the ethohydraulic flume of the BAW.

==Research project "ELAM attraction"==
Based on [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#ELAM-DE|previous research]] a model is being [https://www.baw.de/content/files/forschung_entwicklung/documents/B3953.01.04.70010.pdf developed] to evaluate the attraction of fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. The method primarily applied is individual-based modelling using the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM). For the model's development, data from extensive fish observations carried out by BfG by means of acoustic telemetric field investigations in the tailwater of the [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot facility in Eddersheim]] are used. To simulate the flow field in the tailwater of hydropower plants, the BAW uses [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/methoden/numerische_simulationen/numerische_simulationen.html three-dimensional numerical models] which are developed in OpenFOAM®. The ELAM combines their results with a behavioural model.

==Research project "Downstream fish passage over weirs"==
Besides upstream fish migration, downstream fish passage also plays a significant role in achieving the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive. While discussions have been focusing on fish protection and downstream migration at hydropower plants for some time now, the issue of downstream passage at weirs has increasingly gained importance. The project aims at developing a numerical model which represents the [https://www.baw.de/content/files/forschung_entwicklung/documents/B3953.01.04.70009.pdf hydraulic processes occurring in a weir spillway] as realistically as possible. Based on this model, the movements of passive floats (used as substitutes for fish) are examined to assess the risks of damages to the fish and better evaluate the related potentially harmful processes occurring during the fish’s descent over weirs. The project is a co-operation between the BAW’s Hydraulic Structures section and the [https://www.ifh.kit.edu/english/index.php Institute for Hydromechanics (IfH)] at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

==Research project "Attraction of upstream fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the [https://www.bgu.tum.de/en/wb/staff/dieter-thoma-laboratory/ Dieter-Thoma Laboratory] and the [https://www.bgu.tum.de/en/wb/staff/research-station-obernach/ Obernach Research Institute] at the Technical University (TU) of Munich, the BAW conducted a research on the attraction of upstream fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. In addition to the development of parameters for the turbine outflow from hydropower plants and the modelling of the outflow in physical and numerical models, the assessment and definition of a good attraction flow to ensure attraction were relevant research topics. The project results provided the basis for dimensioning the attraction flow (recommendation in preparation) and planning the [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot facilities]]. The project data were also used as material for a [https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1473802/document.pdf doctoral thesis] prepared at the TU Munich.

==Research project "Passability of vertical slot fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the Institute for Water and River Basin Management at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, researchers looked into the hydraulics of vertical slot passes for upstream fish migration. An important part of the research co-operation involved describing the temporal fluctuations of the flow fields in the fishway and whether they can be anticipated by the animals. This subproject was concluded with a [https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/105137 doctoral thesis]. Another subproject investigated how the time-averaged flow fields manifest themselves in different [https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/102425 flow patterns] in the fishway pools. The flow patterns have an effect on the pools’ energy balance and the degree of passability. Additional tests were made to analyse the energy dissipation in the pools, e.g. regarding flow velocities and roughness values, and to develop specific approaches for determining discharge. The data collected were also used for developing physical and numerical modelling.

==Research project "ELAM-de" (completed)==
An important criterion for the assessment of a fishway is its efficiency, which is, however, difficult and time-consuming to determine in the field or laboratory. A numerical model for simulating fish behaviour on spatial and temporal scales of decimetres and seconds, respectively, can support planning decisions and contribute to scientific understanding of the performance of competing fishway designs. Based on the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM), a new individual-based model ("ELAM-de") was developed. The model was fed with three-dimensional flow data calculated with OpenFOAM® on arbitrary polyhedral meshes. It was designed, calibrated and validated based on behavioural patterns [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html derived from the movements of live brown trout]. The project was concluded with a [https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/105158 doctoral thesis] (in co-operation with the [https://www.unibw.de/wasserwesen-en/hydro-en/hydro Bundeswehr University Munich]).

[https://henry.baw.de/handle/20.500.11970/106572 Link to final report]

----
Back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]
----
[[Overview]]

Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects

2020-02-25T14:23:21Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - FuE-Projekte]]
__NOAUTOLINKS__
The BfG/BAW research concept sets the frame for the institutions’ joint research activities.

==Research project "Special fishway structures"==
On large inland waterways it is often necessary to discharge auxiliary water in addition to the operating flow in order to produce an attraction flow which ensures that the fishway can be located. The quantity of auxiliary water needed is often substantial, requiring special structures for which no specific design recommendations are available. The BAW is dealing with this topic in two subprojects, one of which is conducted in co-operation with the [https://www.tu-braunschweig.de/en/lwi/wasserbau Leichtweiß Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources at Technische Universität Braunschweig], addressing the issue of providing the auxiliary water as well as calming and homogenisation of flow in the auxiliary water inflow. In a second subproject, design solutions for the entrance pool into which the auxiliary water is injected are developed. Here, research is focusing on the unhindered passage of fish into the fishway, with a particular emphasis on conducting preliminary studies for specific construction elements with scale models before testing these elements in [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html ethohydraulic trials].

==Research project "Time-dependent flow processes"==
The hydraulics in fish passes is usually evaluated based on time-averaged flow velocities. In turbulent flows in and at fish passes, however, the temporal flow velocity changes and their structure play an important role in how fish sense the flow. In a [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#Passierbarkeit|previous project]], a methodology for describing dynamic processes in flow fields has been developed based on PIV measurements in a vertical-slot fish pass. The aim of the present project is to adapt this methodology to further relevant scales. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of hydraulics on fish behaviour and to verify the previously developed methodology, fish behaviour experiments are performed in the ethohydraulic flume of the BAW.

==Research project "ELAM attraction"==
Based on [[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects#ELAM-DE|previous research]] a model is being [https://www.baw.de/content/files/forschung_entwicklung/documents/B3953.01.04.70010.pdf developed] to evaluate the attraction of fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. The method primarily applied is individual-based modelling using the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM). For the model's development, data from extensive fish observations carried out by BfG by means of acoustic telemetric field investigations in the tailwater of the [[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|pilot facility in Eddersheim]] are used. To simulate the flow field in the tailwater of hydropower plants, the BAW uses [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/methoden/numerische_simulationen/numerische_simulationen.html three-dimensional numerical models] which are developed in OpenFOAM®. The ELAM combines their results with a behavioural model.

==Research project "Downstream fish passage over weirs"==
Besides upstream fish migration, downstream fish passage also plays a significant role in achieving the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive. While discussions have been focusing on fish protection and downstream migration at hydropower plants for some time now, the issue of downstream passage at weirs has increasingly gained importance. The project aims at developing a numerical model which represents the hydraulic processes occurring in a weir spillway as realistically as possible. Based on this model, the movements of passive floats (used as substitutes for fish) are examined to assess the risks of damages to the fish and better evaluate the related potentially harmful processes occurring during the fish’s descent over weirs. The project is a co-operation between the BAW’s Hydraulic Structures section and the Institute for Hydromechanics (IfH) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

==Research project "Attraction of upstream fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the Dieter-Thoma Laboratory and the Obernach Research Institute at the Technical University (TU) of Munich, the BAW conducted a research on the attraction of upstream fishways in the tailwater of hydropower plants. In addition to the development of parameters for the turbine outflow from hydropower plants and the modelling of the outflow in physical and numerical models, the assessment and definition of a good attraction flow to ensure attraction were relevant research topics. The project results provided the basis for dimensioning the attraction flow (recommendation in preparation) and planning the pilot facilities. The project data were also used as material for a dissertation prepared at the TU Munich.

==Research project "Passability of vertical slot fishways" (completed)==
In a co-operation with the Institute for Water and River Basin Management at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, researchers looked into the hydraulics of vertical slot passes for upstream fish migration. An important part of the research co-operation involved describing the temporal fluctuations of the flow fields in the fishway and whether they can be anticipated by the animals. This subproject was concluded with a doctoral thesis. Another subproject investigated how the time-averaged flow fields manifest themselves in different flow patterns in the fishway pools. The flow patterns have an effect on the pools’ energy balance and the degree of passability. Additional tests were made to analyse the energy dissipation in the pools, e.g. regarding flow velocities and roughness values, and to develop specific approaches for determining discharge. The data collected were also used for developing physical and numerical modelling.

==Research project "ELAM-de" (completed)==
An important criterion for the assessment of a fishway is its efficiency, which is, however, difficult and time-consuming to determine in the field or laboratory. A numerical model for simulating fish behaviour on spatial and temporal scales of decimetres and seconds, respectively, can support planning decisions and contribute to scientific understanding of the performance of competing fishway designs. Based on the "Eulerian-Lagrangian-agent method" (ELAM), a new individual-based model ("ELAM-de") was developed. The model was fed with three-dimensional flow data calculated with OpenFOAM® on arbitrary polyhedral meshes. It was designed, calibrated and validated based on behavioural patterns derived from the movements of live brown trout. The project was concluded with a doctoral thesis (in co-operation with the Bundeswehr University Munich).

----
Back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]
----
[[Overview]]

Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites

2020-02-25T13:23:43Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - Pilotanlagen]]
[[file: Pilot.png|thumb|Eddersheim barrage (River Main): simplified design of fishway (yellow), entrance sites (red dots), attraction flow (blue triangles) and auxiliary flow conduit (blue arrow) source aerial view: © GeoBasis-DE/BKG 2017]]

To investigate fish movement and flow characteristics it is necessary to observe fish in their natural [[habitat]] and execute hydraulic measurements (here the special focus is on the tailwater of hydro-electric plants). Therefore, BAW and BfG chose seven barrages with hydro-electric plants to be pilot sites for further investigations. The issues in question result from open questions encountered in the counseling of the WSV and still unsolved design problems regarding the state of the art. The focus is on the larger rivers in Germany (with hydro-electric power production) because the available design criteria in Germany rather center on small rivers and creeks. The investigation subjects and the corresponding methods are specified in the fishways R+D program.

Pilot sites are:
* Dörverden (River Weser),
* Koblenz and Lehmen (River Moselle),
* Eddersheim and Wallstadt (River Main) sowie
* Kochendorf and Lauffen (River Neckar)

The Koblenz fishway was completed in 2012, the Lehmen fishway is under construction, the other fishways are in various planning stages including planning-approval/licensing procedure.

The necessary auxiliary water [[discharge]] for creating an adequate [[attraction]] flow relative to the [[discharge]] of the hydraulic power plant is to be investigated at Eddersheim, Wallstadt, Kochendorf und Dörverden. Furthermore, different entrance situations including geometric variations and connections to the [[river bed]] will be examined.

There will also be research on special topics in the design of vertical slot passes such as slot width, slope of the [[fish pass]], flow patterns and the effects of pass length. At Eddersheim parallel structures are proposed to compare different pool sizes and also different pass types. The design of the necessary non-standard pools like connecting pools, auxiliary water quieting and discharge pools also receives special attention.

3-dimensional fluid dynamic modeling on all pilot site tailwaters will generate information for preliminary studies and to interpret fish behavior. These models will be calibrated on on-site measurements. Additionally, hydraulic models will help to understand different construction types of fish passes and the design of non-standard pools.

To understand fish behavior more thoroughly [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html etho-hydraulic modeling] (test with living fish) is used to investigate real entrance situations including discharge of auxiliary water into the fishway by means of horizontal screens. This also serves to prepare the investigations at the pilot sites.

----
back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]

Ecological Connectivity - Standardisation

2020-02-25T13:21:13Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - Standardisierung]]
The development of standard solutions for individual elements of upstream and downstream fishways is part of the BAW’s tasks as a consultant to the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV). On the one hand, standards are agreed solutions and may thus contribute to accelerating planning and construction approval procedures as they can be applied directly. On the other hand, since they are tried and tested solutions, standards reduce the uncertainties inherent to the complex field of ecological connectivity. The standards are aligned to the conditions on Germany’s federal waterways.

Standardisation is the result of the BAW’s and BfG’s research and development projects and the consulting services provided by both institutions to the WSV.

The catalogue of existing solutions to different questions, especially in connection with vertical slot passes and fish lifts, has been supported by literature surveys:

*International guidelines for upstream fishways
*Literature survey: special design types for upstream fishways

The following publications are the results of standardisation activities:

*[http://www.baw.de/en/die_baw/publikationen/merkblaetter/index.php.html Guideline (AH FAA 2.0) "Upstream Fishways on German Federal Waterways”]: Standardisation of planning and consulting processes regarding the upstream fishways of the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
*[https://izw.baw.de/publikationen/briefe/0/BAWBrief_02_2016_English.pdf BAW Letter “Requirements for the Planning of Fish Lifts and Fish Locks”]
*Design recommendations for auxiliary water supply in the pools of an upstream fishway: Standardisation of auxiliary water screen and direction and of maximum velocity of the auxiliary water injected into the fishway
*Recommendation for attraction flow design in upstream fishways at sites with hydropower generation facilities for entrances near the power plant: Calculation of the auxiliary water supply as a function of local conditions at power plant sites

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back to: [[Ecological Connectivity]]

Ecological Connectivity - Standardisation

2020-02-25T13:20:04Z

Deutschl: Created page with "de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - Standardisierung The development of standard solutions for individual elements of upstream and downstream fishways is part of the BAW..."

Ecological Connectivity

2020-02-25T13:08:51Z

Deutschl:

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit]]
Since the revised Federal Water Act came into force on 1 March 2010, the German federal government has been responsible for maintaining and restoring ecological connectivity at the damming structures built and operated by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV). An initial analysis showed that the majority of WSV-operated barrages fail to ensure connectivity and consequently require upstream and downstream fishways to be built.

In addition to providing consultancy to the WSV regarding the planning of measures and activities to enable upstream and downstream fish passage, the BAW and the [https://www.bafg.de/EN/Home/homepage_en_node.html Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG)] are jointly working on research and development projects, often in co-operation with universities. These projects aim at providing answers to unresolved questions that are relevant for planning. There are three fields of research and development.

{|cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 border=1
|-
|'''[[Ecological Connectivity - Standardisation|Standardisation]]''' The purpose of research work on specific shortcomings of existing design specifications is to develop a standard for upstream and downstream fishways with regard to the conditions on Germany’s federal waterways.
|'''[[Ecological Connectivity - R&D Projects|R&D]]''' Besides the standardisation work, which is very much related to specific elements of fishways, there are a number of research projects dealing with basic issues. These will require additional development work before they can lead to any design specifications.
|'''[[Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites|Pilot sites]]''' Another important element in the research work conducted by BAW and BfG are pilot facilities built on different federal waterways. At the pilot sites important questions about the behaviour of fish in their natural environment are to be examined.
|}

*[https://wiki.baw.de/de/index.php/%C3%96kologische_Durchg%C3%A4ngigkeit_-_Publikationen BAW publications on ecological connectivity]

*[[:Category:Glossary|Glossary (including technical terms related to ecological connectivity)]]
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back to: [[Hydraulic Engineering Methods]]

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[[Overview]]

Ecological Connectivity - Pilot Sites

2019-11-08T10:46:19Z

Deutschl: minor updates

[[de: Ökologische Durchgängigkeit - Pilotanlagen]]
[[file: Pilot.png|thumb|Eddersheim barrage (River Main): simplified design of fishway (yellow), entrance sites (red dots), attraction flow (blue triangles) and auxiliary flow conduit (blue arrow) source aerial view: © GeoBasis-DE/BKG 2017]]

To investigate fish movement and flow characteristics it is necessary to observe fish in their natural [[habitat]] and execute hydraulic measurements (here the special focus is on the tailwater of hydro-electric plants). Therefore, BAW and BfG chose seven barrages with hydro-electric plants to be pilot sites for further investigations. The issues in question result from open questions encountered in the counseling of the WSV and still unsolved design problems regarding the state of the art. The focus is on the larger rivers in Germany (with hydro-electric power production) because the available design criteria in Germany rather center on small rivers and creeks. The investigation subjects and the corresponding methods are specified in the fishways R+D program.

Pilot sites are:
* Dörverden (River Weser),
* Koblenz and Lehmen (River Moselle),
* Eddersheim and Wallstadt (River Main) sowie
* Kochendorf and Lauffen (River Neckar)

The Koblenz fishway was completed in 2012, the Lehmen fishway is under construction, the other fishways are in various planning stages including planning-approval/licensing procedure.

The necessary auxiliary water [[discharge]] for creating an adequate [[attraction]] flow relative to the [[discharge]] of the hydraulic power plant is to be investigated at Eddersheim, Wallstadt, Kochendorf und Dörverden. Furthermore, different entrance situations including geometric variations and connections to the [[river bed]] will be examined.

There will also be research on special topics in the design of vertical slot passes such as slot width, slope of the [[fish pass]], flow patterns and the effects of pass length. At Eddersheim parallel structures are proposed to compare different pool sizes and also different pass types. The design of the necessary non-standard pools like connecting pools, auxiliary water quieting and discharge pools also receives special attention.

3-dimensional fluid dynamic modeling on all pilot site tailwaters will generate information for preliminary studies and to interpret fish behavior. These models will be calibrated on on-site measurements. Additionally, hydraulic models will help to understand different construction types of fish passes and the design of non-standard pools.

To understand fish behavior more thoroughly [https://www.baw.de/EN/wasserbau/themen/umwelt/ethohydraulik/ethohydraulik.html etho-hydraulic modeling] (test with living fish) is used to investigate real entrance situations including discharge of auxiliary water into the fishway by means of horizontal screens. This also serves to prepare the investigations at the pilot sites.